在英语中,"by"是一个多功能的介词,它有多种用法,可以表示时间、空间、方式、原因等概念。本文将总结"by"的一些常见用法,并列举一些常用的短语。
表示时间
截止时间:"by"用来表示某事必须在某个时间之前完成。
- 例句:The assignment must be submitted by Friday.
通过某人:"by"用来表示某事是通过某人完成的。
- 例句:The painting was done by a famous artist.
通过交通工具:"by"用来描述乘坐某种交通工具。
- 例句:I travel to work by train.
表示空间
靠近:"by"用来表示某物靠近另一物。
- 例句:The house is situated by the river.
通过:"by"用来描述通过某个地方。
- 例句:We walked by the park on our way home.
表示方式或方法
通过某种方式:"by"用来描述完成某事的方式或方法。
- 例句:He learned English by listening to podcasts.
通过规则或标准:"by"用来表示按照某种规则或标准。
- 例句:The books are arranged by size.
表示原因
- 由于:"by"用来表示某事是由于某种原因造成的。
- 例句:He was awakened by the sound of the alarm.
表示代理或代理者
- 被某人:"by"用来表示某事是由某人做的。
- 例句:The letter was written by my sister.
常用的"by"短语
by accident:偶然地,意外地。
- 例句:I found your phone by accident.
by all means:当然可以,务必。
- 例句:You can borrow my car by all means.
by chance:偶然,碰巧。
- 例句:We met by chance at the coffee shop.
by far:到目前为止,最...。
- 例句:This is by far the best movie I've seen this year.
by heart:牢记,熟记。
- 例句:She knows the poem by heart.
by mistake:错误地,无意中。
- 例句:I took the wrong bag by mistake.
by the way:顺便问一下,顺便说。
- 例句:By the way, have you seen my keys?
by oneself:独自地,单独地。
- 例句:He built the shed by himself.
by hand:手工制作。
- 例句:These cookies are made by hand.
by the hour/day/week:按小时/天/周计算。
- 例句:We charge by the hour for our services.
结语
"by"的用法非常广泛,它可以帮助我们以不同的方式表达时间和空间的关系,描述行为的方式和原因,以及代理或代理者。掌握"by"的用法和相关短语,可以提高英语表达的准确性和流畅性。通过不断的练习和应用,我们可以更自如地在各种语境中使用"by"。
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